Introduction
Human beings cannot be reduced to components; have a unique human context in them; have human consciousness that includes an awareness of oneself in the context of other people; have choices and responsibilities; and intentionally seek meaning, value and creativity (Bugental, 1964). This is the rationale behind humanistic psychology. However, during these days, human has exceeded its limits in discovering its maximum potentials. It resulted to chaotic situations and other troublesome circumstances. But, in the end, there is a need to end such conflicts by means of bridging the gaps using various mechanisms to solve such. Although there is clearly an enormous need for conflict resolution, there is also a growing body of experience in how to approach these intractable conflicts (Lumsden, 1996). Empirically, resolution of such conflict may be possible by means of empathy. This research strives to correlate the theoretical perspective of humanistic psychology in conflict resolution using empathy as the main tool.
Statement of the Problem
The research will investigate the impact of the use of empathy on conflict resolution based from the theoretical perspective of humanistic psychology.
Research Aims
This study aims to identify the impact of the using empathy on conflict resolution using the theoretical perspective of humanistic psychology.
Brief Review of Related Literature
Empathy is the recognition and understanding of the states of mind – including beliefs, desires, and particularly emotions of others without injecting a person’s own (Corazza, 2004). This concept is often regarded and characterized as the ability to “put oneself into another’s shoes”. However, Hoffman (2000) argued that this metaphor is ambiguous concerning whether one imagines actually “being” the person, will all the beliefs and character traits or simple being in their situation.
On the other hand, conflict resolution is the process of resolving a dispute or a conflict by providing each side’s needs and adequately addressing their interest. By doing this, parties involve are satisfied with the outcome. Conflict resolution aims to end up conflicts before they start or it flares up and lead to physical fighting (Lumsden, 1996). Conflicts will always be part of human existence due to the fact there is diversity of views and ideas among people that causes opposing mechanism among them.
In conflict resolution, “putting oneself into another’s shoes” or empathic application and practice will determine the ‘humanity’ of person’s emotion, desires and state of mind through humanistic psychology. The understanding through empathy is important by considering the behavioral aspect of people involved in a conflict. Thus, there is an advantageous effect in the current condition.
Research Design
Research requires an organized data gathering in order to pinpoint the research philosophies and theories that will be included in the research, the methodology of the research and the instruments of data interpretation. In this study, the Research Process “Onion” will be utilized so that the findings of the study can be thoroughly established. The inner part of the onion describes the methodology portion whereas the outer part discusses the strategies that can be utilized in interpreting the results of the findings.
This study also employs qualitative research method, since this research intends to find sound evidence. These qualitative elements does not have standard measures, rather they are behaviour, attitudes, opinions, and beliefs (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2003). The qualitative research method will also be used since this research intends to find sound evidence.
Data Collection Instrument and Analysis
For this paper, the researcher will use the survey to gather information. It will be the most appropriate tool since it is inexpensive and quick. Survey questionnaires will be prepared to gather the data needed. Questionnaires will be of a non-threatening nature and can be completed within 30 minutes. The respondents will grade each statement in the survey questionnaire using the Likert scale with a five-response scale wherein respondents will be given four response choices.
The results will then be tabulated and averaged to get the strengths and weaknesses of each question in the survey.
This research will also use interviews for data collection. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), the use of the interview is to help the researcher gather valid and reliable data which are relevant to the research questions. The unstructured interview or in-depth interviews will be employed for this research. Although this type of interview does not need to have a pre-determined list of questions to be asked during the course of the interview, the researcher opted to have a standard set of questions to be asked. This would make the interview flow easier as well as the forms to be filled out during recording more manageable. With this type of reasoning, it can be argued that structured interviews are more appropriate; however, it does not permit to deviate from the list of questions such as to ask follow up questions regarding a response of the interviewee which in-depth interviews more than allow to be done. The researcher has sent request letters to the selected interviewees to set up the most convenient time for the interviews to be conducted. The interviews will be recorded with the permission of the interviewees. According to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Lowe (2002), there are many advantages for recording the interview, such as it allows interviewers to concentrate on both questioning and listening and that accurate and unbiased record is provided.
References
Bugental, J.F.T (1964) ‘The Third Force in Psychology’. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 4(1). pp. 19-25.
Corazza, E. (2004). ‘Empathy, Imagination, and Reports.’ Chapter 7 in Reflecting the Mind - Indexicality and Quasi-Indexicality. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000), Empathy and Moral Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lumsden, M. (1996) ‘Evolution of the Problem-Solving Workshop: an Introduction to Social-Psychological Approaches to Conflict Resolution’. Peace and Conflict. 2 (1). pp. 37.
Saunders, M, Lewis, P & Thornhill, A 2001, Research methods for business students, 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, London.
Human beings cannot be reduced to components; have a unique human context in them; have human consciousness that includes an awareness of oneself in the context of other people; have choices and responsibilities; and intentionally seek meaning, value and creativity (Bugental, 1964). This is the rationale behind humanistic psychology. However, during these days, human has exceeded its limits in discovering its maximum potentials. It resulted to chaotic situations and other troublesome circumstances. But, in the end, there is a need to end such conflicts by means of bridging the gaps using various mechanisms to solve such. Although there is clearly an enormous need for conflict resolution, there is also a growing body of experience in how to approach these intractable conflicts (Lumsden, 1996). Empirically, resolution of such conflict may be possible by means of empathy. This research strives to correlate the theoretical perspective of humanistic psychology in conflict resolution using empathy as the main tool.
Statement of the Problem
The research will investigate the impact of the use of empathy on conflict resolution based from the theoretical perspective of humanistic psychology.
Research Aims
This study aims to identify the impact of the using empathy on conflict resolution using the theoretical perspective of humanistic psychology.
Brief Review of Related Literature
Empathy is the recognition and understanding of the states of mind – including beliefs, desires, and particularly emotions of others without injecting a person’s own (Corazza, 2004). This concept is often regarded and characterized as the ability to “put oneself into another’s shoes”. However, Hoffman (2000) argued that this metaphor is ambiguous concerning whether one imagines actually “being” the person, will all the beliefs and character traits or simple being in their situation.
On the other hand, conflict resolution is the process of resolving a dispute or a conflict by providing each side’s needs and adequately addressing their interest. By doing this, parties involve are satisfied with the outcome. Conflict resolution aims to end up conflicts before they start or it flares up and lead to physical fighting (Lumsden, 1996). Conflicts will always be part of human existence due to the fact there is diversity of views and ideas among people that causes opposing mechanism among them.
In conflict resolution, “putting oneself into another’s shoes” or empathic application and practice will determine the ‘humanity’ of person’s emotion, desires and state of mind through humanistic psychology. The understanding through empathy is important by considering the behavioral aspect of people involved in a conflict. Thus, there is an advantageous effect in the current condition.
Research Design
Research requires an organized data gathering in order to pinpoint the research philosophies and theories that will be included in the research, the methodology of the research and the instruments of data interpretation. In this study, the Research Process “Onion” will be utilized so that the findings of the study can be thoroughly established. The inner part of the onion describes the methodology portion whereas the outer part discusses the strategies that can be utilized in interpreting the results of the findings.
This study also employs qualitative research method, since this research intends to find sound evidence. These qualitative elements does not have standard measures, rather they are behaviour, attitudes, opinions, and beliefs (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2003). The qualitative research method will also be used since this research intends to find sound evidence.
Data Collection Instrument and Analysis
For this paper, the researcher will use the survey to gather information. It will be the most appropriate tool since it is inexpensive and quick. Survey questionnaires will be prepared to gather the data needed. Questionnaires will be of a non-threatening nature and can be completed within 30 minutes. The respondents will grade each statement in the survey questionnaire using the Likert scale with a five-response scale wherein respondents will be given four response choices.
The results will then be tabulated and averaged to get the strengths and weaknesses of each question in the survey.
This research will also use interviews for data collection. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), the use of the interview is to help the researcher gather valid and reliable data which are relevant to the research questions. The unstructured interview or in-depth interviews will be employed for this research. Although this type of interview does not need to have a pre-determined list of questions to be asked during the course of the interview, the researcher opted to have a standard set of questions to be asked. This would make the interview flow easier as well as the forms to be filled out during recording more manageable. With this type of reasoning, it can be argued that structured interviews are more appropriate; however, it does not permit to deviate from the list of questions such as to ask follow up questions regarding a response of the interviewee which in-depth interviews more than allow to be done. The researcher has sent request letters to the selected interviewees to set up the most convenient time for the interviews to be conducted. The interviews will be recorded with the permission of the interviewees. According to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Lowe (2002), there are many advantages for recording the interview, such as it allows interviewers to concentrate on both questioning and listening and that accurate and unbiased record is provided.
References
Bugental, J.F.T (1964) ‘The Third Force in Psychology’. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 4(1). pp. 19-25.
Corazza, E. (2004). ‘Empathy, Imagination, and Reports.’ Chapter 7 in Reflecting the Mind - Indexicality and Quasi-Indexicality. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000), Empathy and Moral Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lumsden, M. (1996) ‘Evolution of the Problem-Solving Workshop: an Introduction to Social-Psychological Approaches to Conflict Resolution’. Peace and Conflict. 2 (1). pp. 37.
Saunders, M, Lewis, P & Thornhill, A 2001, Research methods for business students, 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, London.
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